Habitat selection by nightjars in Ashdown Forest in 2023

The Nightjar (Caprimulgus europaeus), a nocturnal, insectivorous bird that migrates to the UK for breeding during summer months, exemplifies the urgent need for such habitat-focused research. This cryptic species has experienced significant population declines across its range, leading to its classification as an amber listed species under the Birds of Conservation Concern 5. This study aimed to inform our understanding of Nightjars at Ashdown Forest, a 2500 ha ancient expanse of open heathland located within the High Weald Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty in East Sussex. Volunteer survey data were used to (i) quantify habitat composition within the study area, within home ranges, and within song territories, and (ii) use these data to examine patterns in Nightjar habitat selection at two spatial scales in relation to various environmental factors. Ultimately, the aim was to determine the importance of each scale in habitat selection to inform habitat management at the site for Nightjar conservation. Nightjars in Ashdown Forest exhibited a degree of tolerance towards disturbance caused by human activities within the forest but notably avoided the most frequented areas. Overall, Nightjars relied on a mosaic of heathland and woodland features that provided both nesting cover and accessible prey. Heather grassland, woodland edges, and early successional habitats were key components. Avoidance of improved grassland, urban areas, road and footpath dense regions further highlights the importance of maintaining sufficient areas of suitable habitats away from key sources of disturbance. Continued monitoring will be essential to assess population trends and the effectiveness of conservation practices.