D2.2: Set of circularity indicators for Bio-based systems and guidance document for sustainability assessment of circular bio-based strategies

This deliverable reports on the results of Task 2.2 of the LCA4BIO project, which seeks to identify, map, analyse and select indicators for circularity in Bio-based Systems (BbS). Aiming to bridge the methodological gap in existing circular economy (CE) indicators, this work systematically identifies, evaluates, and consolidates indicators suitable for circular bio-based strategies across micro, meso, and macro levels. The methodology combines a systematic literature review with insights from key EU initiatives (CALIMERO, ORIENTING) and the newly established ISO 59000 series on CE. Evaluation criteria such as stakeholder acceptance, scientific robustness, and compatibility with life cycle assessment (LCA) principles were applied to derive three tailored indicator sets: a generic micro-level set, a macro-level set, and a sector-specific set for the wood industry. A total of 143 unique indicators were identified and mapped against key circularity strategies specific to BbS. The indicators address a wide range of CE strategies, including resource efficiency, waste valorisation, regeneration of natural systems, recirculation, cascading use, and social and economic viability. This work provides practical guidance for applying circularity assessments within sustainable bioeconomy frameworks. The outputs serve as a foundational tool for decision-makers, researchers, and practitioners engaged in evaluating and promoting circular bio-based solutions in Europe.