ПОВЕРНЕННЯ ХРОМУ ЗІ СТІЧНИХ ВОД У ВИРОБНИЦТВО: АНАЛІЗ СУЧАСНИХ ТЕХНОЛОГІЙ ТА ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ ЇХ ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ

This study is dedicated to analysing modern resource-efficient methods for treating industrial wastewater containing chromium compounds, with a focus on technologies that enable the reintegration of recovered chromium into the production cycle. The work examines ion exchange, sorption, electrodialysis, and membrane processes, which remove chromium from effluents and convert it into forms suitable for reuse in industrial operations. The paper outlines future research prospects aimed at improving technologies for the concentration and regeneration of chromium compounds for integration into closed-loop production systems.