Running on Empty: A Review of Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport

Relative energy deficiency in sport (REDs) is a condition that stems from low energy availability (LEA) in athletes, where their energy intake is insufficient to sustain normal physiological processes in addition to the extra energy expenditure of their sport. Due to LEA’s widespread effects on the human body, REDs can cause problems in various body systems and be challenging to recognize and diagnose. Many athletes, coaches, and healthcare professionals lack fundamental knowledge about the identification, diagnosis, and prevention of REDs, contributing to under-recognition and delayed intervention. As a result, more athletes are affected by REDs and do not receive appropriate, timely support needed for recovery. A literature review was conducted to better understand the topic of REDs, current approaches to diagnosing REDs, and the role of education in reducing its effects. The findings of this review highlight a clear gap in awareness and education surroundings REDs and suggest that increased educational efforts and programs may be beneficial in reducing its prevalence and long-term consequences.