A Kinetic Analysis on Hydrolysis and Hydrothermal Conversion of Cellulose to Dodecane

Cellulose, the most abundant biomass on Earth, offers a promising pathway for alternative energy through conversion into alkane hydrocarbons. Traditional methods rely on high temperatures and high-pressure hydrogen, often derived from petroleum. In this study, we investigated the conversion of Microcrystalline Cellulose using hydrogen metal oxides (bronzes) under milder conditions. Following ASTM E3417-24 hydrolysis protocols, we employed hydrogen bronzes with toluene for product extraction. This approach enabled conversion at lower temperatures without pressurized hydrogen. Products were analyzed using Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometer for identification and Gas Chromatography Flame Ionization Detector for quantification. Our findings revealed the formation of a possible dodecane isomer, a known fuel additive. We also examined the role of hydrogen content in conversion and proposed a probable reaction mechanism. Kinetic analysis yielded activation energies of 3.57 kJ/mol for X Pell R, 6.74 kJ/mol for MoO₃, and 7.24 kJ/mol for H₂MoO₃, supporting the potential of hydrogen bronzes in sustainable hydrocarbon production.