Comparative Study of the Designation of the Head of State in Mali and China

The legal framework established by the Constitution creates rights for citizens to vote and run for office in the elections of the Head of State in both Mali and China. In both countries, the selection of a citizen as Head of State occurs through an election. This process is direct in Mali and indirect in China. These elections are held every five years in both nations. They draw special attention because of their significant impact on social peace, institutional stability, and each country's executive branch's legitimacy. This article offers a comprehensive analysis of the legal, institutional, and procedural mechanisms involved in this process. Firstly, it provides a clear understanding of the legal framework. Secondly, it assesses the involvement of institutional actors and the mechanisms used to oversee the electoral process. Lastly, examining the election's effects reveals that choosing the country's most symbolic figure significantly impacts the nation's future. Additionally, the findings of this study highlight the causes of some post-election crises and their effects on institutional stability and the legitimacy of the executive branch in Mali. Keywords: Constitution – Election – Law – Designation – Head of State – Comparative – Mali – China. DOI: 10.7176/JLPG/149-06 Publication date: September 30th 2025