a longitudinal ecological study

Funding Information: MKR is supported by the Swedish Research Council for Health, Working Life, and Welfare (grant number 2023\u201300678) and Stiftelsen Riksbankens Jubileumsfond (grant number P23\u20130640). OSB was supported by the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation programme under the Marie Sk\u0142odowska-Curie grant (agreement number 101008139). CM is supported by the UK National Institute for Health and Care Research (grant number NIHR133252) using UK aid from the UK Government to support global health research. Publisher Copyright: © 2025 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license