Вплив стресу та цукрового діабету на функціональні розлади яєчників у період статевого дозрівання

-The objective: to determine how stress affects the histo-ultrastructure of the ovaries of healthy and diabetic peripubertal rats.Materials and methods. The study included 20 two-month-old female albino laboratory rats, which were equally divided into 4 groups: Group 1 – rats with simulated streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus (SIDM) and chronic immobilization stress (CIS), Group 2 – rats with SIDM, Group 3 – rats with CIS, Group 4 – control animals. The material (blood and ovarian tissue) was taken on the 28th day from the beginning of the experiment. Levels of cortisol and glycated hemoglobin were determined in the blood of the animals. Histological, electron microscopy, biochemical and statistical research methods were used.Results. Under conditions of SIDM accompanied by hyperglycemia and elevated glycated hemoglobin levels in experimental Groups 1 and 2, the development of diabetic microangiopathy and remodeling of the histoarchitectonics of the ovarian cortex were observed. The number of primordial and primary follicles decreased by 3.1- and 1.7-fold, respectively, in Group 1, and by 2.3- and 1.6-fold in Group 2, against the background of an increased incidence of atretic and cystic follicles. The general morphology of the ovaries of rats in Groups 2–4 was similar to the morphology of the ovaries of rats with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). At the ultrastructural level, oocytes exhibited pathological processes such as apoptosis and necroptosis, and less frequently, colliquative necrosis. In granulosa cells, pathological accumulation of lipid granules (observed exclusively in rats with comorbid pathology) and destructive changes consistent with partial necrosis were found. Intercellular space widening in the granulosa layer and detachment of granulosa follicular epitheliocytes into the follicular antral were also observed.CIS exerted its most pronounced effects on primordial follicles, leading to oocyte loss through apoptosis and necroptosis, with a subsequent reduction in their number and in the number of primary follicles by 1.5- and 1.4-fold, respectively. In granulosa follicles, dilatation of the endoplasmic reticulum cisternae, focal lysis of mitochondrial cristae, and lipid droplet accumulation were recorded.Conclusions. According to our research, SIDM and CIS lead to the appearance of cystic follicles and an increase in the number of atretic follicles against the background of follicle morphogenesis abnormalities, which indicates the development of PCOS. Under these conditions, the pool of primordial and primary follicles decreased significantly, indicating depletion of the ovarian reserve and a possible decrease in fertility in peripubertal rats. Moreover, the greatest decrease in the reserve of primordial, primary and secondary follicles was observed in rats with comorbid pathology. This indicates that stress significantly worsens the course of diabetes mellitus and reduces reproductive potential at pubertal age.