Проєктування програмної платформи оперативного моніторингу водних ресурсів на основі інтернету речей

The relevance of this study is driven by the critical damage to water supply infrastructure in the de-occupied territories of Ukraine, which creates acute risks of anthropogenic contamination of water resources and highlights the inefficiency of traditional monitoring methods. The core problem lies in the absence of an integrated software platform capable of ensuring the rapid and reliable collection, transmission, and analysis of data under unstable connectivity, enabling quick deployment, and integrating with emergency response systems. The aim of this article is to develop and substantiate the conceptual architecture of a specialized software platform based on the Internet of Things (IoT), adapted to these challenges. The study proposes a detailed four-layer architecture, comprising a sensing layer with a modular design for monitoring specific threats (heavy metals, petroleum products), a network layer employing a hybrid approach (LPWAN/4G) and the MQTT protocol to ensure guaranteed data delivery, a data processing and storage layer based on cloud services, an MQTT broker, a machine learning module, and a multi-model data repository, and an application and presentation layer that integrates a web dashboard, mobile applications, an alerting system, and APIs for system integration. The conclusions indicate that the proposed architecture provides a foundation for developing a fault-tolerant and scalable platform, enabling a shift from reactive to proactive environmental safety management, supporting informed real-time decision-making, and promoting the sustainable recovery of affected territories.