Phytochemicals and Human Health

This review explores the intricate relationship between phytochemical intake and human health. It first highlights the contrast between the phytochemical-poor Standard American Diet (SAD) and ancestral diets rich in diverse plant and animal foods. The classification, sources, and health benefits of various phytochemicals, including polyphenols, flavonoids, alkaloids, and terpenes are described and discussed. The bioavailability of these compounds and their interactions with the gut microbiome are elucidated, emphasizing on their potential in modulating multiple pathways associated with aging and chronic diseases. The 12 hallmarks of aging and how phytochemicals may influence these hallmarks are reviewed. While exploring the potential benefits of a phytochemical-rich diet in promoting longevity and preventing age-related diseases, the review also acknowledges limitations in current research and potential negative effects of certain compounds. Further investigation is needed regarding the complex interactions between phytochemical intake, aging, and chronic diseases. In conclusion, existing research suggests that a diet rich in diverse, minimally processed plant foods and pasture-raised animal products may offer significant health benefits through their phytochemical content.