Ultrasound as a Foundational Tool in Medical Education: A Literature Review

Stephanie M Provenzano,1 Ivy Mageto,2 Adriana González Frontera,2 Chase Uter,2 Samantha Casey,2 Antonio Badillo,2 Adegbenro OJ Fakoya3 1Department of Medical Education, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center at Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, USA; 2Department of Medical Education, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, St. Kitts, St Kitts and Nevis; 3Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University (LSU) Health Sciences Center at Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, USACorrespondence: Adegbenro OJ Fakoya, Email [email protected]: The integration of ultrasound into undergraduate medical education (UGME) has garnered increasing attention due to its potential to enhance clinical training; however, a standardized framework for its implementation and curricular standards has yet to be established. This study aims to review how medical schools have implemented ultrasound training, evaluate its benefits in helping students develop clinical decision-making skills, and identify barriers that limit its broader adoption. A literature review was conducted using PubMed, MEDLINE, and Google Scholar databases to identify peer-reviewed studies published between 1993 and 2025, focusing on curricula design, implementation strategies, educational outcomes, and challenges. Results show that early and longitudinal exposure to ultrasound improves students’ understanding of anatomy, strengthens clinical reasoning, and increases preparedness for residency; however, curricular time constraints, faculty training gaps, and financial barriers continue to deter some programs from introducing ultrasound curriculum early. While growing evidence supports the value of ultrasound in UGME, adoption remains inconsistent, underscoring the need for standardized, evidence-based frameworks to ensure equitable access and skill development across institutions. Future efforts should focus on developing and implementing national standards that promote consistent and uniform integration of ultrasound training into UGME.Keywords: ultrasonography, undergraduate medical education, point-of-care ultrasound, anatomy, medical curriculum