Analisis Faktor Gizi dan Konsumsi Makanan sebagai Prediktor Prestasi Belajar Anak Sekolah Dasar

ABSTRACT Academic achievement among elementary school children is influenced by various factors, including nutritional status, diet quality, and nutrition knowledge. These factors play a crucial role in supporting cognitive development and learning performance. This study aimed to analyze the association between diet quality, nutritional status, and nutrition knowledge as predictors of academic achievement among elementary school children. A cross-sectional design was employed, involving 60 students selected using simple random sampling. Nutritional status was assessed using body mass index-for-age (BMI/A), diet quality was evaluated using a diet quality index score (range 0–100), and nutrition knowledge was measured using a standardized questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 26. The Kolmogorov–Smirnov test was performed to confirm normality before conducting Pearson correlation and multiple linear regression analyses. The results showed significant correlations between academic achievement and diet quality (r = 0.42; p = 0.0012), nutritional status (r = 0.36; p = 0.0045), and nutrition knowledge (r = 0.28; p = 0.0321). Multiple regression analysis revealed that all three variables were significant predictors of academic achievement, with R² = 0.42 and adjusted R² = 0.39, indicating that 39% of the variance in academic achievement was explained by these predictors. In conclusion, diet quality, nutritional status, and nutrition knowledge contribute significantly to improving academic achievement among elementary school children. ABSTRAK Prestasi belajar anak sekolah dasar dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor, di antaranya status gizi, kualitas konsumsi makanan, dan pengetahuan gizi. Ketiga faktor tersebut berperan penting dalam mendukung perkembangan kognitif dan kemampuan akademik anak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan antara kualitas konsumsi makanan, status gizi, dan pengetahuan gizi dengan prestasi belajar pada anak sekolah dasar. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain potong lintang dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 60 anak yang dipilih secara acak sederhana. Data dikumpulkan melalui pengukuran berat badan dan tinggi badan untuk menentukan status gizi berdasarkan indeks massa tubuh menurut umur (IMT/U), penilaian kualitas konsumsi makanan menggunakan skor indeks kualitas diet (rentang 0–100), serta kuesioner pengetahuan gizi terstandar. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan perangkat lunak SPSS versi 26. Uji normalitas Kolmogorov–Smirnov dilakukan sebelum analisis bivariat dengan korelasi Pearson dan regresi linear berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kualitas konsumsi makanan (r = 0,42; p = 0,0012), status gizi (r = 0,36; p = 0,0045), dan pengetahuan gizi (r = 0,28; p = 0,0321) berhubungan signifikan dengan prestasi belajar. Hasil analisis multivariat menunjukkan ketiga variabel tersebut merupakan prediktor signifikan terhadap prestasi belajar, dengan nilai R² sebesar 0,42 dan Adjusted R² sebesar 0,39. Dengan demikian, kualitas konsumsi makanan, status gizi, dan pengetahuan gizi terbukti berkontribusi terhadap peningkatan prestasi belajar anak sekolah dasar.