Government-Led Renewable Energy Transition to Address Indonesia’s Energy Crisis and Climate Vulnerability

Indonesia faces urgent pressure to transition from fossil fuels to renewable energy due to the twin threats of energy crises and climate change. While the government has adopted strategic frameworks such as the National Energy General Plan (RUEN) and committed to the Paris Agreement target of Net Zero Emissions by 2060, implementation remains complex. This study employs a qualitative literature review, supported by Nvivo and VOSviewer tools, to map concept relationships and assess policy effectiveness. The findings highlight a policy-innovation gap: despite progress in academia and industry, government support for clean energy remains insufficient due to rigid regulations, infrastructure limitations, and inadequate investment. The novelty of this research lies in its integration of policy analysis and digital visualization to uncover structural barriers in Indonesia’s energy transition. The study concludes that adaptive policymaking, increased investment, and systemic reform are essential to accelerate the shift toward a sustainable energy future.