Diagnostic Impact of USG-Guided FNAC in Liver Lesions: A Retrospective Study

Background: Ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) has emerged as a pivotal diagnostic tool in the evaluation of liver lesions, offering a minimally invasive, accurate, and efficient method for obtaining tissue samples. This article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the spectrum of liver lesions diagnosed through USG-guided FNAC in our tertiary care facility, highlighting its diagnostic efficacy, clinical impact, and potential challenges. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective study conducted over a period of 18 months in Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rohtak, a tertiary care hospital and medical institute. All the liver lesions undergoing USG-guided FNAC were included in the study. Results: A total of 188 cases were included in the study. The age of patients ranged from 20–87 years, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.7:1. On cytological characterization, 72.9% were malignant, 0.5% were benign, 14.4% were reported as non-neoplastic, and 12.2% were inadequate or unsatisfactory for opinion. Among the malignant lesions, poorly differentiated carcinoma was the most commonly diagnosed malignant lesion. Conclusion: In the complex clinical landscape of a tertiary care hospital, where patients present with a broad spectrum of hepatic pathologies, the utility of USG-guided FNAC cannot be overstated.