A Review of Multi-Criteria Analysis in Watershed Management

Increasing environmental problems, social and economic complexities in watershed management require advanced analytical methods that integrate diverse data and stakeholder perspectives. Multi-Criteria Analysis (MCA) provides a structured approach to evaluate these multiple dimensions and support robust, adaptive decision-making for sustainable resource management. This study aims to examine and synthesize the documented applications of MCA in watershed management published between 2005 and 2024, using scholarly articles indexed in the Scopus database. The examination focuses on studies that implement MCA within conceptual and policy-oriented decision-making frameworks. The literature reveals widespread application of MCA across various watershed contexts, attesting to its adaptability and value in supporting sustainable resource management. However, despite these advancements, there is a notable gap in studies specifically focused on lake-catchment management, where unique hydrological and ecological dynamics present distinct challenges. This gap underlines the need for targeted research to explore MCA applications in lake-catchment settings, aiming to fill knowledge voids and improve integrated management strategies for these critical ecosystems. Addressing this gap will contribute to more holistic and effective watershed management approaches, balancing ecosystem resilience with human use in lake-catchment areas.