Biosecurity Implementation and Disease Occurrence in Duck Farming in the Peri-Urban Area of Bekasi

Biosecurity plays a crucial role in preventing and controlling infectious diseases in duck farming. However, smallholder farmers in peri-urban areas often face limitations in applying proper biosecurity, leading to higher risks of disease outbreaks and productivity losses. This study evaluated the level of biosecurity implementation and disease occurrence in duck farms located in the peri-urban area of Bekasi, Indonesia. A cross-sectional survey was conducted between August and October 2023 involving 34 duck farmers. Data was collected using structured questionnaires covering farmer characteristics, biosecurity practices, and reported disease symptoms. Chi-square tests and correlation analysis were performed to determine associations between farmer characteristics and biosecurity scores. The results showed a relatively low mean biosecurity score (39.63 ± 10.94). Among all characteristics, only flock size was significantly associated with biosecurity level, showing a moderate positive correlation (r = 0.395, p < 0.001). Farms with fewer than 500 ducks reported the highest number of sick and dead birds, and few farmers were aware of diseases affecting their flocks. Overall, biosecurity practices among duck farmers in peri-urban Bekasi remain inadequate, particularly among smallholders. Increasing farmer awareness and encouraging consistent adoption of biosecurity measures are essential to improve flock health and protect food safety and public health.