The perceptions and applications of cluster sets in strength and conditioning

It is well documented that cluster sets, a modified set structure with additional rest between individual repetitions or groups of repetitions, can be used to modulate exercise-induced fatigue during resistance training. While practical guidelines exist, it remains unclear to what extent strength and conditioning (S&C) professionals utilise this programming tactic. The aim of this study was to examine S&C professionals’ perceptions of cluster sets and their application in practice. A secondary aim was to assess the alignment between cluster set programming tactics used in the field and evidence-based recommendations from the scientific and coaching literature. Forty-six S&C professionals (age: 40.0 ± 13.6 yrs) completed an online survey comprised of three sections: (1) coaching demographic, (2) perceptions of cluster sets, and (3) program design. The survey included both closed- and open-ended questions. There was a general alignment between professional practice and current recommendations, particularly regarding the use of cluster sets during strength-power phases, manipulation of rest intervals, and prescription of higher training intensities. However, unlike recommended published practices, cluster sets were most commonly used with the bench press and variations of the squat, both of which require un-racking and re-racking the barbell during the cluster set, which may be physically demanding for athletes. Despite acknowledging logistical barriers such as supervision issues and time constraints, S&C professionals still view cluster sets as a practical programming tactic due to their minimal technological requirements and potential benefits. These findings can inform future applied research projects and educational content focused on cluster sets.