The gendered complexities of school mathematics achievement: girls outperforming or boys underperforming?

Education and labour markets have favoured boys and men. A recent study showed that girls' educational outcomes in relation to participation and performance, in both schools and universities, were higher than boys'. Nevertheless, in the labour market, women were still vastly under-represented in management, especially top management. African women, despite their educational successes, remained the most underrepresented group at the higher occupational levels.