Enhanced removal of Cd(II) and As(III) from waters using S-Fe-C composites: Performance and mechanisms

Protecting ecosystems and human health from potentially toxic elements (PTEs) like Cd(II) and As is critical. The results showed that SnZVI particles were uniformly dispersed in biocarbon matrix. The pseudosecond- order kinetics and Langmuir model can better match the adsorption process of Cd(II) and As(III) by SFC., with the maximum removal capacity of 405 mg·g−1 and 349 mg·g−1, respectively. Biochar enhances electron transport and prevents S-nZVI agglomeration. The removal mechanisms of SFC, including chemical precipitation, ion exchange and oxidation, shows great potential for remediation of PTEs pollution in irrigation water.