Methodology approaches for geoecological assessment of pollution migration in the “historical waste landfill-environment” system

The assessment of pollution migration in the “historical waste landfill-environment” system requires a comprehensive methodology that integrates various geoecological approaches. This involves understanding the interactions between landfills and their surrounding environments, utilizing advanced modeling techniques, and assessing the risks posed by leachates. The studies outline key methodologies and integrated approaches for effective geoecological assessment: geobotanical survey, lithogeochemical survey, biogeochemical survey, soil-geochemical studies, and mathematical modeling. The importance of integrating biological indicators into the geoecological assessment of historical landfill sites is emphasized. The article presents the results of research conducted between 2014 and 2024, and characterizes migration flows of pollutants and potential for self-restoration of ecosystems. The results demonstrate that a comprehensive approach, which integrates data on flora and soil biota, enhances the accuracy of forecasting long-term environmental consequences. This research provides an important basis for developing effective bioremediation and phytoremediation strategies and for rising awareness of the ecological risks associated with historical landfills.