Collaborative Governance in Disability-Inclusive Urban Transport: A Case Study of Batik Solo Trans

Inclusive public services are an essential part of sustainable and equitable urban development, especially in the era of smart mobility and digital governance. This study examines how collaborative governance was practiced by the Surakarta city government to implement a public transportation system that accommodates people with disabilities, focusing on the Batik Solo Trans service from 2020 to 2022. Using a qualitative case study approach, data were collected through interviews with government officials, private operators, and disability advocacy groups. The analysis highlights several dimensions of collaboration, such as shared objectives, multi-stakeholder engagement, joint responsibility, and access to information and resources. The findings show that while the partnership between public, private, and community actors has brought positive changes, challenges remain in infrastructure accessibility and public awareness. This study provides insights for policymakers who aim to integrate inclusivity and sustainability into smart city transportation systems.