Hydrothermal Synthesis, Comprehensive Characterization, and Adsorption Behavior of Perovskite Nanoparticles for Wastewater Treatment

The extensive use of synthetic dyes in various industries has resulted in severe environmental contamination due to the discharge of dye-laden wastewater into aquatic ecosystems. In this study, La₀.₉Sr₀.₁FeO₃ (LSFO) perovskite nanopowder was synthesized via the hydrothermal method and investigated for its potential as an adsorbent for dye removal from aqueous solutions. The structural, morphological, and physicochemical properties of LSFO nanoparticles were analyzed using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier-Transform InfraRed (FT-IR) spectroscopy and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area analysis. The adsorption performance was systematically evaluated under different experimental conditions, including pH, adsorbent dosage, initial dye concentration, and contact time. The maximum dye removal efficiency of 96/51 % was obtained (at pH =2, contact time 25 min, initial concentration 50 mg/L, qe =238 mg/g, and adsorbent dosage of 0.01 g/100 mL). Adsorption equilibrium data were modeled using Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin isotherms, with the Freundlich model providing the best fit, indicating multilayer adsorption on a heterogeneous surface. Kinetic analysis showed that the adsorption followed a pseudo-second-order model, suggesting that chemisorption mechanisms were dominant. The results demonstrated that LSFO nanoparticles exhibit excellent dye removal efficiency, particularly in acidic conditions, making them a promising candidate for wastewater treatment applications. Further research should focus on large-scale synthesis optimization, testing adsorption performance in real industrial effluents, and assessing the regeneration and reusability of LSFO adsorbents.