Modeling and simulations of nonequilibrium bioheat transfer in biological tissue using FEM with experimental verifications

Abstract This work provides numerical solution for the dual-phase lag (DPL) theory, which accounts for non-equilibrium heating transfer in cylindrical living tissue during laser irradiation by finite element method. Given the complexity of the governing equation, the solution to such problems is pursued through the implementation of the finite element approach. The assessment of tissue thermal injuries includes determining the span of denatured proteins through the application of the Arrhenius formulation. The results of the finite element method are confirmed as valid by comparing its numerical solution with the data available from the existing experimental data. Furthermore, a comparison with validated experimental data confirms the efficacy of the mathematical model in assessing bioheat transfer in living tissues. The present findings highlight the importance of incorporating dual-phase lags in predictive thermal models to accurately capture the transient response of biological tissues under short-pulse laser exposure.