Portable Monitor with Smart Sensors for Volatile Compound Detection: Advances and Challenges in Monitoring Systems

The efficient monitoring of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) has become an essential priority in fields such as environmental protection, occupational health, and industrial safety due to their significant impact on air quality and human well-being. This article provides an in-depth review of recent advancements in portable monitoring systems that incorporate smart sensor technologies for VOC detection. Progress in sensor miniaturization, advanced signal-processing algorithms, and low-power electronic design has enabled the development of compact devices capable of real-time measurement with high levels of sensitivity and chemical selectivity. Furthermore, the integration of these systems into Internet of Things architectures has expanded their functionality, allowing for continuous data transmission, remote device management, and the application of predictive analytics through Big Data platforms. These capabilities not only enhance early detection of hazardous exposure but also support large-scale environmental surveillance and industrial process optimization. Despite these technological advances, several challenges persist. Issues related to long-term sensor calibration, environmental interferences, data reliability, and energy efficiency continue to limit widespread adoption. Additionally, ensuring interoperability among different communication protocols and maintaining cybersecurity standards remain critical considerations for future deployment. This review also outlines the growing range of applications for portable VOC monitors, including workplace exposure assessment, industrial emission control, environmental monitoring stations, and biomedical diagnostics. These systems play a crucial role in risk prevention and contribute to sustainable management practices aimed at reducing pollution and protecting public health. Overall, portable smart-sensor-based VOC monitoring technologies represent a promising direction for future research and innovation.