Diagnostic Evaluation of Urine Cytology in Detection of Urothelial Carcinoma

Background: Bladder carcinoma is the tenth most common carcinoma worldwide, representing three percent of global cancer diagnoses. Urine cytology is an important tool for urothelial carcinoma screening. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in two hundred seventy-five cases. Urine samples were collected and processed according to the standard procedure and stained with May-Grünwald Giemsa (MGG) and Papanicolaou (PAP) stain, and reported as per The Paris System. The results were then correlated with histopathological findings of transurethral resection of bladder tumor chips. According to the findings observed, a relevant statistical test was applied. Results: According to The Paris System of reporting, the distribution was as follows: High-grade urothelial carcinoma – seven percent; Suspicious for high-grade urothelial carcinoma – fourteen percent; Atypical urothelial cells – nine percent; and Negative for high-grade urothelial carcinoma – seventy percent. Out of two hundred seventy-five cases of urine cytology, histopathology was possible in forty-five cases, of which forty-two cases were positive for urothelial carcinoma. The sensitivity of urine cytology for detection of urothelial carcinoma is seventy-seven percent, specificity is one hundred percent, and diagnostic accuracy is seventy-eight percent. Male-to-female ratio was 3:1. Conclusion: Urine cytology has low sensitivity but high specificity for detection of urothelial carcinoma. Accurate diagnosis of urothelial carcinoma can be made by combination of clinical information, urine cytological findings, and histopathological findings.