Entrepreneurial Characteristics of Managers of Forest and Plantation Based Rural Tourism Villages in Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Entrepreneurship plays a vital role in community-based tourism development, particularly in rural destinations such as Mangunan Pine Forest and Nglinggo Tourism Village in Indonesia. This study aims to analyze the entrepreneurial characteristics of tourism managers and identify the external and internal factors correlated with those characteristics. Using a descriptive quantitative approach, data were collected from selected tourism managers through structured questionnaires based on 13 entrepreneurial indicators. Results showed that the entrepreneurial characteristics in Mangunan were categorized as strong across all indicators, whereas those in Nglinggo were generally moderate, with only five indicators: self-confidence, interpersonal understanding, discipline, cooperation, and service orientation rated as strong. In Mangunan, external factors such as work environment, family, and community support positively correlated with entrepreneurial traits, while internal factors like age, education, and tourism experience showed negative correlations. In contrast, Nglinggo exhibited the opposite trend, with internal factors positively correlated and external factors, particularly family and community, showing limited support. These findings suggest the need for location-specific capacity-building programs, with Mangunan focusing on internal motivation development and Nglinggo on strengthening external community engagement. A conducive work environment is essential in both settings to foster sustained entrepreneurial growth.