Environmental Evaluation of Geopolymer Bricks Containing Phase Change Materials - A State-of-the-Art Review

The construction industry is a major contributor to global carbon emissions, primarily due to the energy-intensive production of traditional fired bricks. This study presents a comparative analysis between conventional and geopolymer bricks enhanced with phase change materials (PCMs), focusing on environmental, thermal, mechanical, and economic performance. Geopolymer bricks, synthesized from industrial by-products such as fly ash and PET waste, eliminate the need for high-temperature kiln firing, resulting in up to 80% lower CO₂ emissions[1]. The integration of PCMs further enhances their thermal regulation capabilities by absorbing and releasing heat, stabilizing indoor temperatures, and reducing energy consumption in buildings[2]. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) confirms these traditional bricks offer a significantly smaller environmental footprint. Mechanically, geopolymer bricks maintain high compressive strength and durability, even with PCM inclusion[3]. Economically, they are cost-effective due to reduced energy use and the availability of low-cost raw materials[4]. Overall, geopolymer bricks with PCMs represent a sustainable, high-performance alternative to traditional bricks, aligning with global climate goals and offering a viable solution for energy-efficient and environmentally responsible construction.