Assessment of Biochar Effects As A Nature-Based-Solution on Croplands Under Current and Future Climate Conditions

This study evaluates the effects of biochar as a Nature-based Solution (NbS) on maize croplands under current and future climate conditions in the two Regions of Romania. Sustainable land management practices, including the use of biochar, can contribute to enhance the resilience of agricultural ecosystems. The biogeochemical modeling presented in this research provides insights into greenhouse gas emissions and nutrient dynamics under the RCP 8.5 climate scenario. Results indicate that biochar application modified soil biogeochemical processes, leading to reduced greenhouse gas emissions and enhanced soil carbon storage. Correspondingly, the change in soil carbon storage in the Southern Region for year 2100 without biochar were –1129.9 kg/C/ha/year and -1008 kg/C/ha/year with biochar. In the Central Region the NbS contributed to the reduction of carbon loss from -641.6 kg/C/ha/year without biochar to -427.9 kg/C/ha/year. In comparison to the Southern Region which indicated a net GWP of 13,793 kg CO₂-eq in the year 2100 with amendments, the value of 6743 kg CO₂-eq in Central Region suggests significant climate mitigation contribution in the area. This study demonstrates that biochar application, particularly in the Central Region of Romania, represents a promising NbS for enhancing soil carbon sequestration, improving ecosystem resilience, and mitigating GHG emissions under current and future climate scenarios.