Techno-Economic Assessment of Hydrogen Production Pathways and Optimization (Cost-Effective Methods) of Liquefaction Processes for Large-Scale Hydrogen Supply

In today’s world, as countries develop and economies flourish, finding sustainable energy solutions has taken on a new level of importance. It's essential for ensuring a healthier planet for future generations. The reliance on fossil fuels raises concerns about energy security and environmental impact, making renewable energy sources a priority. This study conducts an accounting analysis of various Hydrogen Production Methods (HPM), including electrolysis, gasification, and biological approaches, evaluating their cost structures and efficiency metrics. It also investigates how strong management practices can improve production efficiency and cut costs. The research also investigates innovative liquefaction methods, assessing their financial implications and potential for safety and portability improvements. As societies progress economically, the challenge of ensuring sustainable energy has become crucial, driven by concerns over energy security and climate change resulting from excessive fossil fuel use. This study examines various HPMs—electrolysis, gasification, and biological techniques—analyzing their energy consumption and efficiency while investigating potential improvements through management strategies and renewable resources. It also shows innovative hydrogen liquefaction methods designed to enhance safety, affordability, and portability. Hydrogen is increasingly seen as a sustainable energy solution due to its abundance and varied production sources, making it an appealing energy carrier for electricity generation and transportation, given its high energy efficiency and low emissions. More than 90% of hydrogen is derived from hydrocarbons, with global demand at around 70 million tons, mainly for fossil fuel refining and chemical production. Statistical analyses reveal significant differences between renewable and non-renewable HPMs, showcasing the superior efficiency and yield of renewable technologies. This study shows the advantages of renewable methods in hydrogen production and storage, underscoring their potential to tackle contemporary society's urgent energy challenges. Integrating advanced technologies and strategic financial planning is essential for fostering a sustainable energy future.