TSO: Emergent Spacetime Dimensionality from Time–Space Oscillations

This paper presents a novel framework in which the dimensional structure of spacetime emerges dynamically from the coherence properties of fundamental Time–Space Oscillators (TSOs). Particles are treated as phase-coherent oscillators embedded in a unified temporal–spatial substrate, where both space and time possess internal multidimensional structures. Observable one-dimensional time and three-dimensional space arise from stable coherent trajectories through these internal manifolds. Lorentz symmetry emerges naturally from the requirement of phase coherence, rather than being postulated. The framework predicts experimentally testable effects—including coherence-length thresholds, phase-dependent scattering, and quantized timing delays—providing a unified, oscillator-based perspective on spacetime, particle identity, and relativistic invariance. For readers new to the Time–Space Oscillation framework, a structured overview of the four foundational TSO conceptual papers is available in “Time Space Oscillations. Introduction papers” (Zenodo DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.1767154). This companion document summarises the core principles of TSO —TSO concept, Time dilation and Gravity equivalence, TSO & EM, TSO & QM—and provides direct links to the full manuscripts. It serves as the recommended starting point for understanding how the present photon model fits into the broader TSO structure. For an overview of related work and publications, visit:https://ndl1971.github.io/time-space-oscillations/