Life cycle cost analysis of AC-WC pavement using buton granular asphalt and SC 70 modifier

This study aims to analyze the life cycle cost of AC-WC pavement using Buton Granular Asphalt (BGA) and SC 70 as a modifier. BGA, a natural asphalt native to Indonesia, is considered a promising alternative to reduce dependence on imported asphalt. This study uses the Life Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA) method with a deterministic approach to calculate and compare the total life cycle costs of two types of asphalt pavement mixtures, namely the control AC-WC mixture and the AC-WC mixture with BGA and SC 70 modifier. The research method covers reconstruction costs, routine maintenance, periodic maintenance, and user costs over a 20-year design life. The results show that the total life cycle cost of the control AC-WC mixture is Rp 142,148.73 millions, while the BGA + SC 70 mixture reaches Rp 183,342.18 millions, mainly due to differences in material composition and measurement units. The high cost is the reason why BGA is rarely used compared to imported asphalt. Therefore, it is recommended to use cheaper alternative modifiers, as well as the development of low-cost processing technology for raw buton asphalt into granules to compete with imported asphalt-based AC-WC mixtures. This study provides important insights for decision-making in selecting more economical and sustainable pavement materials in Indonesia.