Assessing dispositional gratitude in millennials: An Indonesian validation of the Gratitude Questionnaire 6-item

To understand gratitude, a valid instrument is needed in Indonesia. A valid gratitude instrument will facilitate the understanding of gratitude among Indonesian people. Moreover, many studies have found the five-item version to be a better alternative to the six-item version. With the availability of the Indonesian version of the GQ6, the validation evidence of the GQ6 can facilitate studies on gratitude and enable cross-cultural comparisons regarding gratitude. This study aims to provide evidence of construct validity based on the internal structure of GQ6 developed by Michael E. McCullough, Robert A. Emmons and Jo-Ann Tsang in 2002. The stages of instrument adaptation proposed by Dorcas E. Beaton, Claire Bombardier, Francis Guillemin, and Marcos B. Ferraz in 2000 were used as the guidelines for adapting GQ6. A total of 330 millennial husbands or wives (M-marriage age = 25.32; SD-marriage age = 3.12) were recruited as the participants of this study. The results of the factor analysis showed that the 5-item model was fit than the 6-item model. The sixth item was eliminated, and it was aligned with many previous studies. The CFA factor score determinacy obtained in this study was high internal reliability. The adaptation and validation process are further described in this paper. Overall, the construct validity from the Indonesian version of the GQ6 suggests that it is a useful instrument to measure an individual’s self-reported gratitude tendencies.