Performance analysis of propeller configurations: A study on blade diameter, pitch, and number of blades for optimal thrust

Optimising thrust generation is fundamental to enhancing the performance, efficiency, and manoeuvrability of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), especially as their applications expand across diverse sectors. This paper presents a performance analysis of propeller configurations, investigating the effects of blade diameter, pitch, and blade count on thrust output. Utilising a custom-built, low-cost frictionless test rig, a systematic approach evaluated various configurations under controlled conditions. The results show how each factor influences performance and provides practical advice for improving UAV designs.