From CO2 to Methanol: A Comprehensive Analysis of Carbon, Semiconductor, and MOF-Based Catalysts

This review explores the fundamentals of this process and emphasizes the importance of catalyst supports in enhancing efficiency and selectivity. The article highlights the promising potential of carbon, semiconductor, and MOF-based catalysts for converting CO2 to methanol. The influence of reaction parameters is also discussed, providing insight into how optimization can be achieved. The article addresses the challenges and future directions in this field, paving the way for innovative developments in strategies to convert CO2 to methanol. The challenges and future directions emphasized the need for further research on MOF-based catalysts at lower temperatures and pressures. Literature review indicate that carbon-based materials like graphene, CNT, rGO, and g-C3N4, semiconductors such as ZrO2, ZnO, TiO2, CeO2, and In2O3, and MOF-based supports like ZIF, UiO, and MIL offer unique properties and catalytic efficiencies. Ultimately, this work represents a significant stride towards a greener future, where environmental sustainability and the generation of valuable chemical feedstocks can be achieved simultaneously.