Biosafety of genetically modified microorganisms at oil enterprises of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, Russia

The article discusses the issues of biosafety in the use of genetically modified microorganisms (GMMs) in the oil industry of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, Russia. The aim of the study is a comprehensive assessment of potential biological, environmental and technological risks of GMM implementation and analysis of the effectiveness of existing monitoring standards. Tasks included risk identification and classification, comparative analysis of biosafety models, statistical processing of incidents, and development of recommendations for improving regulatory requirements. Official reports, regulations, expert interviews, risk matrix analysis, and variance analysis were used as materials and methods. It is found that multi-level monitoring and ISO standards contribute to reducing the frequency of incidents and integral risks by half compared to traditional approaches, where the environmental threat remains higher than the average for the region. The discussion highlights the effectiveness of integrated monitoring systems, as well as the relevance of standards modernization. Conclusion: further development of integrated biosafety approaches will increase the sustainability of the industry and reduce the risk of accidents for industry and the environment.