Temozolomide-Moringa Loaded in Adipose Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes Inducing Apoptosis in Glioblastoma Cells via the JAK2-STAT3 Pathway: A Molecular in Vitro Study

GlioBlastoma Multiforme (GBM) remains one of the most challenging cancers to treat effectively. In this study, we employed the U-87 cell line as a cellular model to investigate a novel therapeutic approach utilizing exosomes derived from Adipose-derived Stem Cells (ASCs) for drug delivery. These exosomes were loaded with temozolomide (TMZ) and moringa (MO) using the sonication technique, which allowed for efficient drug encapsulation. The U-87 cells were then treated with these drug-loaded exosomes to assess their therapeutic potential. A comprehensive array of techniques was employed to evaluate the effects of the conjugated exosomes. Cell viability was determined using the MTT assay, while Western blotting was used to assess the expression of specific proteins. Flow cytometry was employed to measure apoptosis, and UV-Vis spectroscopy was utilized to gauge drug release and loading efficiency. Our results demonstrated a significant reduction in cell viability in U-87 cells treated with TMZ+MO exosomes compared to control groups. The MTT assay indicated a dose-dependent cytotoxic effect, while flow cytometry analysis revealed increased apoptosis rates. Western blot analysis indicated notable alterations in the expression of proteins involved in the JAK2-STAT3 signaling pathway, suggesting a potential mechanism of action. These findings suggest that TMZ+MO exosomes exhibit promising therapeutic efficacy against GBM cells, likely mediated through the modulation of cellular signaling pathways such as JAK2-STAT3. This innovative approach holds significant potential to enhance the delivery and effectiveness of GBM therapies, warranting further investigation and development.