Modelling and Analysis of Flow Behavior in Micro-Scale Hydroelectric Turbine

This study presents a numerical investigation of flow behaviour within a micro hydroelectric turbine using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). A three-dimensional model of the turbine was developed and simulated in COMSOL Multiphysics. employing the Turbulent Flow. k-£ physics interface to capture complex flow characteristics. The simulations were conducted under four different inlet flow rates: 1 m3/s. 2 m3/s. 3 m3/s and 4 m3/s, to assess the influence of discharge variations on mrbine performance. The analysis focused on velocity fields, pressure distribution, turbulence intensity, and potential flow separation zones within the turbine housing. Results indicated significant changes in the internal flow structure as the inlet discharge increased, including enhanced mrbulence. pressure gradients, and recirculation effects near critical regions of the turbine. The findings provide important insights for the design optimization of micro hydro turbines, particularly in improving flow uniformity and minimizing hydraulic losses.