Integrating the Risk Management Process into the Landscape Project Lifecycle Through an Iterative Multi-Pass Looping Approach

Effective integration of the Risk Management Process (RMP) within the landscape project lifecycle is essential for enhancing project outcomes and reducing vulnerabilities.Conventional single-pass approaches are often inadequate, resulting in inefficiencies and suboptimal risk mitigation.This study introduces a conceptual framework for embedding an iterative multi-pass RMP (recommended for two to three cycles) within the landscape project lifecycle.Derived from a systematic review of current practices, the framework is built upon three core constructs: (1) execution of all six RMP steps across two to three iterative cycles, (2) initiation of risk activities from the earliest project stages, and (3) continuous and concurrent application of RMP throughout each project phase.To validate the framework, a focus group discussion involving six stakeholders from the construction industry was conducted.The findings confirm the model's practical relevance and potential to improve risk identification, analysis, and response through enhanced timing and consistency.This research contributes to landscape project management by offering a structured, dynamic approach to risk integration that aligns with sustainable development goals and improves decision-making across the project lifecycle.