Disclosing sexual abuse: an exploration into why female victims do not report.

This research explores the complex interplay of psychological, cultural, and systemic factors influencing victims’ experiences of sexual violence, with a focus on delayed reporting, non-reporting, and withdrawal of complaints. Employing a mixed-methods approach, this study integrates qualitative and quantitative data to provide a nuanced understanding of victim behaviour and societal trends. The findings highlight the pervasive impact of victim-blaming attitudes, cultural and religious pressures, and systemic barriers within the criminal justice system, which collectively deter survivors from seeking justice. Victim blaming, rooted in psychological constructs such as the "just-world hypothesis," perpetuates harmful stereotypes and reinforces societal tendencies to scrutinise victims rather than hold perpetrators accountable. Cultural and religious norms, particularly those prioritising family honour, further silence victims, creating environments where abuse is normalised. Systemic barriers, including court delays, invasive disclosure practices, and insensitive interactions with law enforcement, exacerbate survivors’ feelings of alienation and mistrust. These factors contribute to alarmingly high attrition rates, with half of reported sexual offences in the UK failing to proceed to prosecution. The study’s findings underscore the urgent need for systemic reform. Recommendations include implementing trauma-informed practices, reducing court delays, and eliminating disproportionate evidence requests. Public education campaigns targeting rape myths and promoting survivor-centred approaches are essential to fostering empathy and dismantling cultural stigmas. Additionally, cross-sector collaboration between advocacy groups, community leaders, and criminal justice institutions is vital for addressing cultural and systemic barriers. This research aims to contribute to a more just and compassionate response to sexual violence by centring survivors' experiences and prioritising empathy and equity. The study calls for a paradigm shift in societal attitudes and institutional practices, emphasising the necessity of holistic and sustained efforts to support survivors and enhance justice outcomes.