Technological gaps and opportunities in urban productive sectors: The case of Guayaquil in the framework of sustainable development

This study examines technological gaps and opportunities within Guayaquil’s manufacturing (C) and commerce (G) subsectors in the framework of Sustainable Development Goal 9 (SDG 9). Using a quantitative, descriptive approach and analyzing indicators from 2020 to 2023, it assesses progress in innovation (R&D), sustainable infrastructure, access to clean technologies, and digitalization. The findings reveal a clear sectoral asymmetry: manufacturing shows sustained advances in R&D investment, productive modernization, and formal employment—mainly driven by large firms with high technological absorption capacity while commerce demonstrates greater dynamism in ICT adoption and post-pandemic digital adaptation. However, SMEs in both sectors continue to face financial, structural, and technical barriers that limit their access to clean technologies and sustainable infrastructure. These results underscore the need for differentiated and context-sensitive policies that recognize the distinct capacities of each sector. Strengthening financial mechanisms, fostering public, private, academic collaboration, and promoting clean innovation among SMEs are essential to close the existing gaps. The study concludes by proposing a strategic roadmap to enhance business sustainability and advance toward a more resilient, inclusive, and innovation-driven urban economy in Guayaquil.