Analysis of the interdependent relationship between water availability and beef cattle production

As groundwater levels in the High Plains Aquifer continue to decline due to expanding agriculture, small-scale ranchers in the Oklahoma Panhandle face significant challenges to their livelihoods and face an uncertain future. The High Plains Aquifer is the only reliable source of freshwater for farmers and ranchers in this area as there are no major surface water sources. The Panhandle is accustomed to cyclical droughts, however, current climate patterns of infrequent rain events and shifting seasonal temperatures are a departure from the historic norm. Poor regulation and subsequent overconsumption has led to consistent water level decline across most of the aquifer. Since water is a necessary resource for every step of cattle management and beef production, these declines cast uncertainty on the future of ranchers in the Panhandle. This study aims to understand the relationship between water resources and cattle management and beef production, and how small-scale ranchers in the Panhandle are impacted in the future. Three research questions are used to explore these dynamics and farmers’ perceptions: 1) How does the recorded decline in water table levels compare to the first-hand experiences of ranchers? 2) How are the stages of cattle management and beef production in the Oklahoma Panhandle affected by declines in water availability? And 3) What are the economic implications for small-scale ranchers in the Panhandle if water availability continues to decline? Interviews with cattle ranchers in the Panhandle were conducted to gain a deeper understanding of cattle ranching processes specialized to the region, and how state water data compare to the lived experiences of ranchers. Qualitative data were collected and analyzed in a narrative and content analysis to cross compare with previous literature and water level records. The results suggest that ranchers' experiences align with historical water level trends, reinforcing the necessity of adaptive strategies.