Family Farming in Angola – Towards Second-Generation Frugal Development

The aim of the current study was two-fold: to provide an updated overview of scientific output in the field of second-generation frugal development, with a particular focus on the state of African research; and to establish a Living Lab in an experimental village to test and integrate technological systems into family agricultural production. This study tested various search strategies across multiple information sources, including Google Scholar, OpenAlex, Lens, and Web of Science. Due to inconsistencies in OpenAlex data downloads and the restrictions associated with Google Scholar’s PoP (Paywall or Publisher) feature, Web of Science (WoS) was selected for the analysis. The results show a wide dispersion of research topics, with main clusters including 3D printing in agriculture, precision farming, mechanical properties, Internet of Things (IoT) and Big Data, food sector, and environment. African research in these areas is largely in its infancy, except for South Africa and Nigeria. African research in second-generation frugal development and related technologies is still in its early stages, with notable progress only in South Africa and Nigeria. The establishment of a Living Lab in an experimental village is proposed to further integrate and test technological systems in family agricultural production.