Prenatal diagnosis of hepatopulmonary fusion: a case report and review of literature

Abstract Background Hepatopulmonary fusion (HPF) is a rare anomaly seen in cases of right-sided congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH). Regarding the prenatal findings and diagnosis of HPF, this is the third case as per our literature search. Case presentation We present the prenatal and postnatal imaging findings in a case of HPF and also discuss the relevant literature review. A fetus with right-sided CDH was diagnosed at 22 weeks by antenatal ultrasound, followed by MRI. Postnatally, contrast-enhanced CT was performed. Intraoperatively, HPF complicated with abnormal vascular connections between the liver and lung was detected. Partial separation of lungs and liver was performed. On retrospective review subtle features indicative of hepatopulmonary fusion was noted in the antenatal MRI scan and ultrasound as well as postnatal CECT, which could have aided in the early diagnosis and proper preoperative planning. Conclusion Early prenatal diagnosis of CDH HPF would help in changing the treatment approach. This would reduce the high morbidity and mortality associated with HPF. Hence, it is important to create awareness about prenatal diagnosis of HPF.