Unveiling the nexus of gender, sustainability and digitalization for firm performance: a comprehensive review

Purpose In the contemporary business landscape, the interplay of gender, sustainability and digitalization has emerged as a critical factor influencing firm performance. This study aims to systematically integrate scientific knowledge on these dynamics through a comprehensive literature review, identifying key trends and themes that link gender diversity policies, technological innovations and firm outcomes. Design/methodology/approach The study conducted a comprehensive literature review of 211 journal articles, with 63 selected for in-depth analysis using PRISMA. Thematic clusters were identified through qualitative analysis, focusing on how gender diversity, sustainability and digitalization contribute to firm performance. Findings Five thematic clusters were identified: “Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and Environmental Management,” “Gender Diversity, Sustainable Development and Digital Platforms,” “Academic Research, Motivation and AI/Technology in Learning,” “Adoption and Behavioral Intention in Technology Use” and “Performance in Business and Agriculture with a Focus on Environmental Impact.” The findings demonstrate that integrating gender equality with sustainability initiatives and digital education enhances organizational adaptability and resilience. Gender diversity was also found to significantly foster innovation capabilities, making sustainability a strategic element that drives superior financial performance. The role of technology in bridging gender gaps and promoting equitable business practices was emphasized, showcasing its potential to empower women. Research limitations/implications The study is limited by its reliance on secondary data from journal articles, which may introduce selection bias. Future research could benefit from primary data collection to further validate these findings. Originality/value This study provides a novel integration of gender diversity, sustainability and digitalization in the context of firm performance. It highlights the synergistic effects of these factors on innovation and organizational success, advocating for gender mainstreaming and digitalization as essential strategies for sustainable management aligned with the United Nations sustainable development goals (SDGs).