Deep Implanted MIMO Camera Integrated Antenna Design for Ingestible Application

This paper introduces a novel compact MIMO antenna integrated with a camera, specifically designed for wireless capsule endoscopy (WCE) operating within the MEDradio Band. The antenna achieves significant miniaturization by incorporating arc-shaped slots on arc-shaped patches, resulting in a total volume of just <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$92.3 ~\text{mm}^{3}$</tex>. Performance evaluation was carried out using homogeneous phantom models that replicate various tissues, including the small and large intestines, muscle, and stomach, at an implantation depth of 100 mm. The antenna exhibited an impedance bandwidth of approximately <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\mathbf{7 ~ M H z}$</tex> at 401 MHz, demonstrating consistent performance across different tissues. Furthermore, the isolation between antenna elements exceeded 50 dB, effectively minimizing interference. MIMO analysis and link margin evaluation further highlight the antenna's potential, making it a promising candidate for high data rate WCE applications.