The place of the rapids: Community perspectives on freshwater health, challenges, and opportunities

The Great Lakes provide essential ecological and socio-economic benefits, yet face growing environmental pressures driven by human activities. This study used a mixed-methods approach to explore local perspectives on freshwater health, challenges, and opportunities, including the blue economy, in Sault Ste. Marie, a binational city also known as Baawaating (“the place of the rapids”) located at the outflow of Lake Superior along the St. Marys River. Data were collected via an online survey with community members residing on both the Ontario and Michigan sides of the St. Marys River. The results showed that most residents have meaningful connections to local water systems, primarily through recreational activities like hiking and swimming. Although overall views on water quality and shoreline health were positive, many voiced concerns about issues, such as pollution and climate change, and emphasized shared responsibility for protecting water. Participants highlighted education, outreach, and collective action as essential avenues for fostering greater local care and protection of the water systems. We found that certain demographic characteristics, particularly age, gender, and population group, had an impact on participants’ perspectives and the barriers they are facing. Given its relevance as a socio-economic and environmental opportunity, we also asked participants about the blue economy and found that, although many saw its potential, most were unfamiliar with the concept, highlighting the need for broader community awareness and discussion around its benefits.