Information Indicators of Occurrence and Monitoring of Material Structure Degradation in Vibrodiagnostic Systems During Loading

A methodology of statistical processing has been developed and practical implementations of the application of vibration signals in the analysis of the evolution of damage accumulation in ship bearings have been performed. It has been shown that vibration signals are multicomponent, representing a finite additive set of multi-scale components localized in time and frequency domains of different vibration types. A conceptual model and algorithm for searching for optimal information indicators in technical condition monitoring systems, based on reducing the dimensionality of input information using the principal component method, have been developed. In this paper, the principal component method is approximated by an n-dimensional observation region in an n-dimensional ellipsoid, the semiaxes of which will be the main components. In this case, the input data matrix is transformed into a matrix of normalized centered values, and the set of points is represented by their distances to straight lines and planes. The tangent to the exponential trend of change in the corresponding component in the pre-destruction area has been chosen as the criteria for assessing the approach to the state of degradation and failure. It is shown that among the studied components, the first and third components are the most informative. The specification of the main components reflects the linear diversity of statistical features of vibration signals and can be an indicator of the state of the object under study. Thanks to vibration analysis, the user receives information about the technical condition and approach to degradation of the material.