Time-periodic solutions to an energy balance model coupled with an active fluid under arbitrarily large forces

This article concerns time-periodic solutions to a two-dimensional Sellers-type energy balance model coupled to the three-dimensional primitive equations via a dynamic boundary condition. It is shown that the underlying equations admit at least one strong time-periodic solution, provided the forcing term is time-periodic. The forcing term does not need to satisfy a smallness condition and is allowed to be arbitrarily large.