Evaluating the Impact of Noise Exposure on the Increasing Prevalence of Hypertension and Related Conditions in Lagos Metropolis, Nigeria

Background and aims: Hypertension (HTN) is increasing in Nigeria, with noise exposure identified as a key co-factor. However, scientific evidence remains limited. This study assessed the link between noise exposure and HTN in Iju Ishaga and Ifako, Lagos, Nigeria. Methods: Structured questionnaires were employed to collect demographic information, data on noise sources, exposure duration, blood pressure levels, and associated diseases from 200 consenting participants. Results: HTN prevalence was 39% in Iju Ishaga and 7% in Ifako, with females being the majority. Significant associations (P<0.001) between HTN and noise sources were noted, with noise from people having the highest prevalence (16% in Iju Ishaga, 5% in Ifako), followed by vehicular noise (11% in Iju Ishaga only) and occupational noise (9% in Iju Ishaga, 2% in Ifako). In addition, there were significant associations (P<0.001) between HTN prevalence and daily exposure durations, with the highest prevalence (12%) observed in those exposed for 16–24 hours. Statistical analysis established a significant association (95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.57–20.21) between the two locations and HTN prevalence. However, concerning gender, the results indicated no significant association (95% CI: 0.33–1.28) with HTN prevalence. Except for occupational noise and loud music, all other sources of noise showed a significant association (P<0.05) with the prevalence of HTN in the study area. Eventually, the duration of noise exposure had a significant association with HTN, except for 3–5 hours of exposure. Conclusion: Our findings confirmed an association between noise exposure and HTN, highlighting the need for noise reduction measures to address this health issue.