Rhizosphere phosphate-solubilizing bacteria: a natural solution for soil fertility and plant nutrition

Purpose Chemical fertilizers are utilized in agriculture to enhance plant growth and boost crop yields. However, they are expensive, and excessive use can reduce the long-term fertility of the soil, negatively impacting plants and the surrounding environment. Thus, this review paper aims to emphasize rhizosphere phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) as an effective, eco-friendly and natural alternative to chemical fertilizers. Design/methodology/approach PSB improves crop productivity by enhancing soil microbial communities, secreting enzymes, acidifying soil and making phosphorus and other nutrients more available to plants. Relevant research and review articles on rhizosphere PSB and their application in sustainable agricultural practices have been collected from academic journals and various online databases. Findings PSB converts insoluble phosphorus into soluble form, with other nutrients, making them an optimal choice for organic farming and sustainable agriculture. This paper provides a new perspective on soil fertility depletion and illustrates how PSB enhance soil health, increase crop yields and improve plant stress tolerance. Social implications The use of PSB can reduce farmers' dependence on costly chemical fertilizers, thereby enhancing economic sustainability. It also promotes food security and strengthens rural livelihoods by offering affordable, efficient and eco-friendly alternatives to chemical fertilizers. Originality/value This paper examines the mechanisms employed by PSB to transform immobile phosphate compounds into bioavailable forms. It provides a description of the specific genes and enzymes involved in the solubilization process.